Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri (Stainless Steel)ndi chidule cha zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri zosagwira asidi, ndipo magiredi achitsulo omwe amalimbana ndi zofooka zowononga zowonongeka monga mpweya, nthunzi, madzi, kapena kukhala ndi zinthu zosapanga dzimbiri zimatchedwa chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri.
Teremuyo "chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri" samangotanthauza mtundu umodzi wa chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, koma amatanthauza mitundu yopitilira zana yazitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri zamafakitale, chilichonse chimakhala ndi ntchito yabwino m'gawo lake.
Zonse zili ndi 17 mpaka 22% chromium, ndipo zitsulo zabwino kwambiri zimakhalanso ndi faifi tambala.Kuonjezera molybdenum kumatha kupititsa patsogolo dzimbiri mumlengalenga, makamaka kukana dzimbiri mumlengalenga wokhala ndi chloride.
一.Gulu lachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri
1. Kodi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri ndi chitsulo chosamva asidi ndi chiyani?
Yankho: Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri ndi chidule cha chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha asidi, chomwe chimalimbana ndi zofooka zowononga zowonongeka monga mpweya, nthunzi, madzi, kapena zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri.Zitsulo zowonongeka zimatchedwa zitsulo zosagwira asidi.
Chifukwa cha kusiyana kwa mankhwala awiriwa, kukana kwawo kwa dzimbiri ndi kosiyana.Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri wamba nthawi zambiri sichimva dzimbiri, pomwe chitsulo chosamva asidi nthawi zambiri chimakhala chosapanga dzimbiri.
2. Momwe mungagawire zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri?
Yankho: Malinga ndi boma la bungwe, zikhoza kugawidwa mu martensitic zitsulo, ferritic chitsulo, austenitic chitsulo, austenitic-ferritic (duplex) zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri ndi mpweya kuumitsa zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri.
(1) Martensitic zitsulo: mphamvu mkulu, koma pulasitiki osauka ndi weldability.
Mitundu yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha martensitic ndi 1Cr13, 3Cr13, etc., chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa kaboni, imakhala ndi mphamvu zambiri, kulimba komanso kukana kuvala, koma kukana kwa dzimbiri ndikochepa pang'ono, ndipo kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pamakina apamwamba komanso kukana dzimbiri.Magawo ena onse amafunikira, monga akasupe, masamba opangira nthunzi, ma hydraulic press valves, etc.
Chitsulo chamtunduwu chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pambuyo pozimitsa ndi kutentha, ndipo annealing imafunika pambuyo popanga ndi kupondaponda.
(2) Chitsulo cha Ferritic: 15% mpaka 30% chromium.Kukana kwake kwa dzimbiri, kulimba kwake komanso kuwotcherera kumawonjezeka ndi kuchuluka kwa chromium, ndipo kukana kwake kwa chloride stress corrosion kuli bwino kuposa mitundu ina yazitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri, monga Crl7, Cr17Mo2Ti, Cr25, Cr25Mo3Ti, Cr28, etc.
Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa chromium, kukana kwa dzimbiri komanso kukana kwa okosijeni ndikwabwino, koma makina ake ndi magwiridwe antchito ake ndi osauka.Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga zinthu zolimbana ndi asidi komanso kupsinjika pang'ono komanso ngati chitsulo cha anti-oxidation.
Chitsulo chamtunduwu chimatha kukana dzimbiri mumlengalenga, asidi wa nitric ndi mchere wamchere, ndipo ali ndi mawonekedwe abwino okana makutidwe ndi okosijeni komanso kukana kwamafuta pang'ono.Amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu nitric acid ndi zida za fakitale ya chakudya, ndipo angagwiritsidwenso ntchito kupanga zigawo zomwe zimagwira ntchito pa kutentha kwakukulu, monga zigawo za turbine za gasi, ndi zina zotero.
(3) Chitsulo cha Austenitic: Lili ndi chromium yoposa 18%, komanso lili ndi 8% faifi tambala ndi pang'ono molybdenum, titaniyamu, nayitrogeni ndi zinthu zina.Kuchita bwino kwathunthu, kugonjetsedwa ndi dzimbiri ndi ma TV osiyanasiyana.
Kawirikawiri, chithandizo chamankhwala chimatengedwa, ndiko kuti, chitsulo chimatenthedwa mpaka 1050-1150 ° C, ndiyeno madzi utakhazikika kapena mpweya utakhazikika kuti apeze gawo limodzi la austenite.
(4) Austenitic-ferritic (duplex) chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri: Ili ndi ubwino wazitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri za austenitic ndi ferritic, ndipo ili ndi superplasticity.Austenite ndi ferrite nkhani iliyonse pafupifupi theka la zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri.
Pankhani ya C yotsika, Cr zili 18% mpaka 28%, ndipo Ni zili 3% mpaka 10%.Zitsulo zina zimakhalanso ndi zinthu monga Mo, Cu, Si, Nb, Ti, ndi N.
Chitsulo chamtunduwu chimakhala ndi mawonekedwe azitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri za austenitic ndi ferritic.Poyerekeza ndi ferrite, ili ndi pulasitiki yapamwamba komanso yolimba, palibe kutentha kwa chipinda, kumapangitsa kuti pakhale kutentha kwa intergranular ndi kuwotcherera, pamene ikusunga chitsulo. .
Poyerekeza ndi zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri za austenitic, zimakhala ndi mphamvu zambiri komanso zimasintha kwambiri kukana kwa intergranular corrosion ndi chloride stress corrosion.Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha Duplex chimakhala ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri komanso chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri.
(5) Mvula yowumitsa chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri: masanjidwewo ndi austenite kapena martensite, ndipo milingo yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri yamvula yowumitsa zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri ndi 04Cr13Ni8Mo2Al ndi zina zotero.Ndizitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri zomwe zimatha kuumitsidwa (kulimbitsa) ndi mvula yamvula (yomwe imadziwikanso kuti kuuma kwa zaka).
Malinga ndi kapangidwe kake, amagawidwa kukhala chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha chromium, chromium-nickel chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri ndi chromium manganese nayitrogeni chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri.
(1) Chromium zosapanga dzimbiri zili ndi kukana dzimbiri (oxidizing acid, organic acid, cavitation), kukana kutentha ndi kukana kuvala, ndipo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zida zopangira magetsi, mankhwala, ndi mafuta.Komabe, weldability ake ndi osauka, ndipo chidwi ayenera kulipidwa ndondomeko kuwotcherera ndi kutentha kutentha mankhwala.
(2) Panthawi yowotcherera, chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha chromium-nickel chimatenthedwa mobwerezabwereza ku ma carbides, zomwe zimachepetsa kukana kwa dzimbiri komanso makina.
(3) Mphamvu, ductility, kulimba, formability, weldability, kuvala kukana ndi dzimbiri kukana kwa chromium-manganese zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri ndi zabwino.
二.Mavuto ovuta kuwotcherera zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri komanso kuyambitsa kugwiritsa ntchito zida ndi zida
1. N’chifukwa chiyani kuwotcherera zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri kumakhala kovuta?
Yankho: (1) Kutentha kwa kutentha kwachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri kumakhala kolimba, ndipo nthawi yokhalamo mu kutentha kwa 450-850 ° C ndi yotalikirapo pang'ono, ndipo kukana kwa dzimbiri kwa weld ndi malo okhudzidwa ndi kutentha kudzachepetsedwa kwambiri;
(2) sachedwa ming'alu ya kutentha;
(3) Kutetezedwa kosakwanira komanso kutentha kwambiri kwa okosijeni;
(4) Mzere wowonjezera wowonjezera ndi wawukulu, ndipo ndi wosavuta kupanga kuwotcherera kwakukulu.
2. Ndi njira zotani zaukadaulo zomwe zingatengedwe pakuwotcherera chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha austenitic?
Yankho: (1) Mosamala sankhani zida zowotcherera molingana ndi kapangidwe kake kazitsulo zam'munsi;
(2) Kuwotchera mwachangu ndi magetsi ang'onoang'ono, magetsi ang'onoang'ono amachepetsa kutentha;
(3) Woonda m'mimba mwake kuwotcherera waya, kuwotcherera ndodo, palibe kugwedezeka, Mipikisano wosanjikiza Mipikisano chiphaso kuwotcherera;
(4) Kuzizira kokakamiza kwa msoko wa weld ndi malo okhudzidwa ndi kutentha kuti muchepetse nthawi yokhalamo pa 450-850 ° C;
(5) Chitetezo cha Argon kumbuyo kwa weld TIG;
(6) Ma welds omwe amalumikizana ndi sing'anga yowononga amatha kuwotcherera;
(7) Passivation mankhwala a weld msoko ndi zone kutentha bwanji.
3. N'chifukwa chiyani tiyenera kusankha 25-13 mndandanda kuwotcherera waya ndi elekitirodi kwa kuwotcherera austenitic zosapanga dzimbiri zitsulo, mpweya zitsulo ndi otsika aloyi zitsulo (zosiyana zitsulo kuwotcherera)?
Yankho: kuwotcherera osiyana zitsulo welded olowa kulumikiza austenitic zosapanga dzimbiri zitsulo ndi carbon zitsulo ndi otsika aloyi zitsulo, ndi kuwotcherera gawo zitsulo ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito 25-13 mndandanda kuwotcherera waya (309, 309L) ndi kuwotcherera ndodo (Austenitic 312, Austenitic 307, etc.).
Ngati zida zina zowotcherera zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri zigwiritsidwa ntchito, kapangidwe ka martensitic ndi ming'alu yozizira zidzawonekera pamzere wophatikizira pambali ya chitsulo cha kaboni ndi chitsulo chochepa cha alloy.
4. Chifukwa chiyani mawaya olimba osapanga dzimbiri amagwiritsa ntchito 98% Ar + 2% O2 otchingira mpweya?
Yankho: Pa kuwotcherera kwa MIG wa waya wolimba wosapanga dzimbiri, ngati mpweya wa argon umagwiritsidwa ntchito potchingira, kugwedezeka kwamadzi kwa dziwe losungunuka kumakhala kwakukulu, ndipo weldyo samapangidwa bwino, kuwonetsa mawonekedwe a "humpback" weld.Kuonjezera 1 mpaka 2% okosijeni kumatha kuchepetsa kugwedezeka kwapamwamba kwa dziwe losungunuka, ndipo msoko wa weld ndi wosalala komanso wokongola.
5. N'chifukwa chiyani pamwamba pa olimba zosapanga dzimbiri kuwotcherera waya MIG weld kukhala wakuda?Kodi kuthetsa vutoli?
Yankho: Liwiro la kuwotcherera la MIG la waya wowotcherera chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri ndi lachangu (30-60cm/min).Pamene zodzitetezera mpweya nozzle wathamangira kutsogolo osungunula dziwe dera, kuwotcherera msoko akadali mu wofiira-hot mkulu-kutentha boma, amene mosavuta oxidized ndi mpweya, ndi oxides anapanga padziko.Welds ndi wakuda.Njira ya pickling passivation imatha kuchotsa khungu lakuda ndikubwezeretsanso mtundu woyamba wa chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri.
6. Kodi nchifukwa ninji mawaya olimba achitsulo osapanga dzimbiri amafunikira kugwiritsa ntchito magetsi opangidwa ndi pulsed kuti akwaniritse kusintha kwa jet ndi kuwotcherera kopanda sipatter?
Yankho: Pamene olimba zosapanga dzimbiri waya MIG kuwotcherera, φ1.2 kuwotcherera waya, pamene panopa ine ≥ 260 ~ 280A, kusintha kwa ndege akhoza anazindikira;droplet ndi kusintha kwafupipafupi komwe kumakhala kochepa kuposa mtengo uwu, ndipo sipatter ndi yaikulu, nthawi zambiri sichivomerezedwa.
Pokhapokha pogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu ya MIG yokhala ndi pulse, kusintha kwa madontho a pulse kungathe kusintha kuchokera kuzinthu zazing'ono kupita kuzinthu zazikulu (sankhani mtengo wocheperako kapena wopambana malinga ndi kukula kwa waya), kuwotcherera kwa sipatter.
7. Chifukwa chiyani waya wowotcherera wachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri amatetezedwa ndi mpweya wa CO2 m'malo mwa magetsi opangidwa ndi mpweya?
Yankho: Panopa ambiri ntchito flux-cored zosapanga dzimbiri zitsulo kuwotcherera waya (monga 308, 309, etc.), ndi kuwotcherera flux chilinganizo mu kuwotcherera chilinganizo amapangidwa molingana ndi kuwotcherera mankhwala metallurgical anachita pansi pa chitetezo cha CO2 mpweya, kotero ambiri , palibe chifukwa cha pulsed arc kuwotcherera magetsi ( Mphamvu yamagetsi yokhala ndi kugunda kwenikweni imayenera kugwiritsa ntchito mpweya wosakanikirana), ngati mukufuna kulowa pakusintha kwadontho pasadakhale, mutha kugwiritsanso ntchito mphamvu zamagetsi kapena mtundu wamba wotetezedwa ndi mpweya wotetezedwa ndi kuwotcherera gasi wosakanikirana.
Nthawi yotumiza: Mar-24-2023