Zinthu zonse zokhudzana ndi zitoliro zachitsulo

Chitsulo cha zomangamangandi zinthu zomangira zomwe zimapangidwa kuchokera kumagulu ena azitsulo ndipo zimabwera mumitundu yosiyanasiyana yamagawo osiyanasiyana (kapena "mbiri").Makalasi achitsulo amapangidwa ndi mankhwala enaake komanso makina omwe amapangidwira ntchito zinazake.
Ku Europe, zitsulo zomangamanga ziyenera kutsatira muyezo waku EuropeEN 10025, yomwe imayendetsedwa ndi European Committee for Iron and Steel Standardization (ECISS), gulu laling'ono la European Committee for Standardization (CEN).
Pali zitsanzo zambiri za European structural zitsulo sukulu, monga S195, S235, S275, S355, S420 ndi S460.M'nkhaniyi, tiyang'ana kwambiri za kapangidwe kake, makina ndi kugwiritsa ntchito kwa S235, S275 ndi S355, magawo atatu azitsulo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga zosiyanasiyana ku European Union.
Malinga ndi gulu la Eurocode, zitsulo zamapangidwe ziyenera kusankhidwa ndi zizindikilo zokhazikika kuphatikiza koma osangokhala S, 235, J2, K2, C, Z, W, JR ndi JO, pomwe:
Kutengera momwe amapangira, kapangidwe kake, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito kogwirizana, zilembo zowonjezera ndi magulu zingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuzindikira kalasi yachitsulo kapena chinthu china.
Magulu a EU si muyezo wapadziko lonse lapansi, kotero kuti magiredi ambiri oyenera okhala ndi mankhwala ndi makina amakina angagwiritsidwe ntchito kumadera ena padziko lapansi.Mwachitsanzo, zitsulo zopangidwa ku msika waku US ziyenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira za American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM).Zizindikiro zapadziko lonse lapansi zimayamba ndi "A" ndikutsatiridwa ndi kalasi yoyenera, monga A36 kapenaA53.
M'mayiko ambiri, chitsulo structural zitsulo zimayendetsedwa ndipo zimayenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira zochepa za mawonekedwe, kukula, mankhwala ndi mphamvu.
The mankhwala zikuchokera structural zitsulo ndi zofunika kwambiri ndipo kwambiri malamulo.Ichi ndi chinthu chachikulu chomwe chimatsimikizira zomwe zimapangidwira zitsulo.Pa tebulo ili m'munsimu mutha kuwona kuchuluka kwazinthu zina zosinthika zomwe zimapezeka m'makalasi achitsulo a European S235,S275ndi s355.
The mankhwala zikuchokera structural zitsulo ndi zofunika kwambiri ndipo mosamalitsa malamulo.Ndi chinthu chofunikira chomwe chimatsimikizira zomwe zimapangidwira zitsulo.Mu tebulo ili m'munsimu mukhoza kuona pazipita kuchuluka kwa zinthu zina malamulo European structural zitsulo sukulu S235, S275 ndi S355.
Kapangidwe kachitsulo kachitsulo ndikofunika kwambiri kwa mainjiniya ndipo kumasiyana kuchokera kumagulu kupita kumagulu kutengera zomwe akufuna.Mwachitsanzo, S355K2W ndi chitsulo cholimba cholimba, chomwe chimatchedwa K2, chokhala ndi mankhwala opangidwa kuti azitha kupirira nyengo - W. Chifukwa chake, kapangidwe kake kazitsulo kachitsulo kameneka kamasiyana pang'ono ndi muyezo.Mtengo wa S355.
Zochita zamakina zazitsulo zomangika zimayika gulu lake ndikugwiritsa ntchito.Ngakhale kuti mankhwala opangidwa ndi mankhwala ndi chinthu chachikulu chomwe chimatsimikizira kuti makina azitsulo amapangidwa ndi zitsulo, ndikofunikanso kudziwa njira zochepa zogwiritsira ntchito makina kapena ntchito, monga mphamvu zokolola ndi mphamvu zowonongeka, monga momwe tafotokozera mwatsatanetsatane pansipa.
Structural zitsulo zokolola mphamvu amayesa mphamvu yochepa yofunikira kuti apange mapindikidwe okhazikika muzitsulo.Msonkhano wopatsa mayina womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito mu muyezo waku Europe EN10025 umatanthawuza kulimba kwa zokolola zochepa za kalasi yachitsulo yoyesedwa pa makulidwe a 16 mm.
Kulimba kwamphamvu kwazitsulo zamapangidwe kumakhudzana ndi pomwe kusinthika kosatha kumachitika pamene zinthuzo zimatambasulidwa kapena kutambasulidwa mopingasa motalika.
Chitsulo chomangika chimabwera m'magiredi osiyanasiyana, koma nthawi zambiri chimagulitsidwa chopangidwa kale mu mawonekedwe enaake opangidwa kuti azigwiritsidwa ntchito mwapadera.Mwachitsanzo, zitsulo zomangika zomwe zimagulitsidwa ngati matabwa, Z-matanda, zitsulo zamabokosi, zigawo zopanda kanthu (HSS), L-matanda, ndi mbale zachitsulo ndizofala.
Malingana ndi ntchito yomwe akufuna, injiniya amatchula kalasi yachitsulo-kawirikawiri kuti akwaniritse mphamvu zochepa, kulemera kwakukulu, ndi zofunikira za nyengo zomwe zingatheke - komanso mawonekedwe a gawo - poyerekezera ndi malo ofunikira ndi katundu woyembekezeredwa kapena katundu.ntchito yoti ichitike.
Chitsulo chachitsulo chimakhala ndi ntchito zambiri, ndipo ntchito zake zimakhala zosiyanasiyana.Ndiwothandiza makamaka popeza amapereka kuphatikiza kwapadera kwa weldability wabwino komanso mphamvu zotsimikizika.Chitsulo chokhazikika ndi chinthu chosinthika kwambiri chomwe nthawi zambiri chimakondedwa ndi mainjiniya omwe akufuna kukulitsa mphamvu kapena zomangira zooneka ngati S pomwe akuchepetsa kulemera kwake.